Technical Blog

Have you ever wondered, why your file is not working after downloading it from the internet? How does system know if the file is downloaded from the internet? The answers to this is Zone.Identifiers. What are Zone Identifiers? Zone Identifiers is an alternate data stream that points, from where the file came on the users' computer. Note: Alternate Data Streams are included with files on WIndows. This is typically the case with downloaded and blocked files....

DKIM is a technological advancement in the field of email security. SPF prevents non-authorized servers from sending emails, but it does not prevent all attempts at spoofing. This is where our next level of security comes into play. DKIM or Domain Keys Identified Mail aids to the security of the email as it adds a digital signature to every outgoing message, allowing receiving servers to verify that the message came from your organization....

Sender Policy Framework or SPF is an email authentication platform. It helps in specifying who is allowed to send emails from your domain. Making it harder for fraudsters to spoof sender information. RFC 7208 - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7208 SPF Records are used to specify the origin of the email to the world. It can be considered as a public list that specifies where an email is sent from. How does SPF records look like?...

Configure Network Using ip Command in Ubuntu Server Temporary Method - $ ip a # to get the interface name after connecting LAN $ sudo ip a add 192.168.1.8/24 dev <network-interface-name> $ ip link set dev <network-interface-name> up $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 Permanent Solution - Ref: https://netplan.io/examples/ $ vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml network: version: 2 ethernets: enx1027f579a565: dhcp4: false addresses: [192.168.1.10/24] nameservers: addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4,192.168.1.1] routes: - to: default via: 192....

gRPC is a framework which is being used to build scalable and fast APIs. The framework from which it derives most of its positives is from the protocol it uses - HTTP/2. Apart from HTTP/2, it uses protocol buffer (protobuf) for the communication. gRPC can be useful in circumstances like - large-scale microservices connections real-time communication Low power & low bandwidth systems Multi-language environments Why Should We Care? Let’s talk Benefits The use of HTTP/2 over the TLS end-to-end encryption connection in gRPC ensures API security....

An interesting discussion, led me to realize this is one of the commonly discussed topic and I thought a blog post for it might be helpful for someone. Cross-site request forgery and Cross-site scripting are both client side attacks which performs action on behalf of users. Just some context here - Cross-site scripting (or XSS) allows an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript within the browser of a victim user....

I have been wanting to learn about kubernetes k8s since long, and create this blog series. Here we are finally started (thanks to null cloud security study group ), so without wasting too much time let’s get started. I am learning this having a security mindset, to find common misconfigurations and understand the development process to understand the mitigation. K8s is a container orchestrator. Before diving too much into the depth let’s see what orchestrators/orchestrations are....

If you have used Burp’s collaborator client for your Out-of-band testing, you know it’s awesome. Then why there is a need for a personal collaborator client? There are a few things that need to be addressed. Companies have started to blacklist burp collaborator’s domain, making it difficult for OOB vulnerabilities detection. ( Read here ) Collaborator client is not available for the community/free edition of BurpSuite. This brings the need for having a personal collaborator client, with no to minimal investments, that will help us in the detection of any out-of-band/blind vulnerabilities, and I have linked an amazing cheatsheet below that will guide in OOB Exploitation....